Tenses: SIMPLE PAST TENSE

DEFINITION OF THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

The simple past tense, sometimes called the preterite, is used to talk about a completed action in a time before now. The simple past is the basic form of past tense in English. The time of the action can be in the recent past or the distant past and action duration is not important.

EXAMPLES

1. John Cabot sailed to America in 1498.
2. My father died last year.
3. He lived in Fiji in 1976.
4. We crossed the Channel yesterday.

You always use the simple past when you say when something happened, so it is associated with certain past time expressions

frequency: often, sometimes, always

1. I sometimes walked home at lunchtime.
2. I often brought my lunch to school.

a definite point in time: last week, when I was a child, yesterday, six weeks ago

1. We saw a good film last week.
2. Yesterday, I arrived in Geneva.
3. She finished her work atseven o'clock
4. I went to the theatre last night

an indefinite point in time: the other day, ages ago, a long time ago 

1. People lived in caves a long time ago.
2. She played the piano when she was a child.
3. Note: the word ago is a useful way of expressing the distance into the past. It is placed after the period of time: a week ago, three years ago, a minute ago.

Be Careful: The simple past in English may look like a tense in your own language, but the meaning may be different.

FORMING THE SIMPLE PAST TENSE

PATTERNS OF SIMPLE PAST TENSE FOR REGULAR VERBS

Affirmative

Subject + verb + ed  

I         skipped.

Negative

Subject + did not + infinitive without to

They didn't go.

Interrogative

Did + subject + infinitive without to

Did she arrive?

Interrogative negative

Did not + subject + infinitive without to

Didn't you play?

TO WALK

Affirmative           Negative                    Interrogative

I walked                I didn't walk              Did I walk?

You walked           You didn't walk         Did you walk?

He walked             He didn't walk          Did he walk?

We walked            We didn't walk          Did we walk?

They walked         They didn't walk       Did they walk?

SIMPLE PAST TENSE OF TO BE, TO HAVE, TO DO

Subject          Verb

                      Be                    Have                    Do

I                    was                  had                       did

You               were                 had                       did

He/She/It       was                 had                       did

We                were                 had                       did

You               were                 had                       did

They             were                 had                       did

NOTES ON AFFIRMATIVE, NEGATIVE, & INTERROGATIVE FORMS

AFFIRMATIVE

The affirmative of the simple past tense is simple.

1. I was in Japan last year
2. She had a headache yesterday.
3. We did our homework last night.

NEGATIVE AND INTERROGATIVE

For the negative and interrogative simple past form of "to do" as an ordinary verb, use the auxiliary "did", e.g. We didn't do our homework last night.

The negative of "have" in the simple past is usually formed using the auxiliary "did", but sometimes by simply adding not or the contraction "n't".

The interrogative form of "have" in the simple past normally uses the auxiliary "did".

Baca juga: Tenses: Penggunaan Simple Present

EXAMPLES

1. They weren't in Rio last summer.
2. We didn't have any money.
3. We didn't have time to visit the Eiffel Tower.
4. We didn't do our exercises this morning.
5. Were they in Iceland last January?
6. Did you have a bicycle when you were young?
7. Did you do much climbing in Switzerland?
8. Note: For the negative and interrogative form of all verbs in the simple past, always use the auxiliary 'did''.

SIMPLE PAST, IRREGULAR VERBS

Some verbs are irregular in the simple past. Here are the most common ones.

TO GO

1. He went to a club last night.
2. Did he go to the cinema last night?
3. He didn't go to bed early last night.

TO GIVE

1. We gave her a doll for her birthday.
2. They didn't give John their new address.
3. Did Barry give you my passport?

TO COME

1. My parents came to visit me last July.
2. We didn't come because it was raining.
3. Did he come to your party last week?